By nature, consent award is also a form of arbitral award, yet it differs in the sense that in rendering a consent award, the arbitral tribunal does not entertain the dispute on its merits, but only records the settlement agreement of both parties for the purpose of formality. The legal status...

This paper analyzes the impact of changes in regulatory priorities and resource allocation on criminal enforcement of white‐collar criminal activities. Using the 9/11 terrorist attacks as a shock to the FBI's priorities and allocation of investigative resources, as well as variation in the...

In this article, we consider whether corporate codes of conduct adopted by multinational enterprises (MNEs) or international framework agreements (IFAs) to which global union federations (GUFs) and MNEs are party could be enforced under Canadian domestic law. We consider first what Canadian...

Do collective bargaining rights for law enforcement result in more civilian deaths at the hands of the police? Using an event-study design, we find that the introduction of duty to bargain requirements with police unions has led to a significant increase in non-white civilian deaths at the hands...

It is highly surprised that casual workers in some of countries’ labour legislations are treated as of no values despite experiencing the same constitutional rights as permanent employees. They work hard as a normal employee and sometimes if not most of the time more than some normal employees...

America’s low-wage workers have fared poorly during the past two decades. Since the late 1970s, the wages of workers at the tenth percentile of the wage distribution have declined in both absolute terms (adjusting for inflation) and relative to those of middle- and high-wage workers. This...

Competition law is a specific field of law which is enforced by various institutions. EU competition law, although being an exclusive competence of the EU, is enforced not only by EU institutions, but also by national institutions, national competition authorities in particular. What are the...

Many innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges in protecting their intellectual property (IP). Potential theft of trade secrets is a key feature of these challenges, which arises often in the context of disputes related to employee mobility. Despite the risks these...

The European Data Protection Board issued its first Binding Decision on 9 November 2020 in a case in which the Irish Data Commissioner (DPA) was lead enforcement authority. In the judgment of the Irish DPA, a fine of up to EUR 275,000 was appropriate, taking into account all relevant...