High-profile instances of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act scrutiny focus attention on the law and its enforcement across a broad spectrum. In spring 2012, arguably the most high-profile instance of scrutiny in the FCPA's 35-year history occurred as Wal-Mart's alleged conduct in Mexico dominated...

Pricing policies applied by airport managers are unlikely to be found as excessive price under Article 102 TFEU due to the traditional caution of competition authorities in starting investigations into exploitative practices. Yet in 2008 the Italian Competition Authority (ICA) fined the managers...

This paper is concerned with calculated motivations for compliance and in particular the deterrent effect of the introduction of new sanctions and/or the use of those sanctions by a regulator. It is concerned with normative and social motivations for compliance and examines the impact of the...

Although Intellectual Property rights are classified as private rights of the title holders of intellectual and trade creations, the ultimately expansion of their infringements has revealed big concerns not only from the point of view of violating private rights, but also affecting human health,...

Though the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary securities enforcer, multiple enforcers are active in enforcing the securities laws. Some scholars argue that enforcement should be centralized to eliminate or control enforcers with incentives to overenforce, while others...

Trusts and their civil law equivalents, often known as foundations or associations, play a large and increasing role in the global economy, holding trillions of dollars worth of assets and generating billions of dollars worth of revenue and trustees' fees annually. Once considered nothing more...

Immigration control-related audits and their resulting sanctions are not solely determined by impartial enforcement of laws and regulations. They are also determined by the incentives faced by vote-maximizing congressmen, agents acting on their behalf, and workers likely to compete with...

Although the pricing dynamics of hardcore cartels have been studied intensively from a theoretical perspective, empirical evidence is still rare. We combine publicly available data with a unique private data set of about 340,000 market transactions from 36 smaller and larger customers of German...

With hostile trust litigation reaching epidemic proportions, many people within the trust industry are interested in identifying new and less expensive ways to resolve trust-related disputes. Arbitration is often proposed as a possible alternative, although questions exist about whether and to...