methodologies, this paper investigates empirically the determinants of money laundering and its regulation in over 80 countries by … additionally constructs specific money laundering regulation indices based on available information on laws and their mechanisms of … across countries; the results are robust to potential endogeneity of money laundering regulation. The relevance of historical …

specified regulation(s). Relative to the regulation(s), four conceptual categories that can help frame the analysis are: (A …) regulation applicable and compliant, (B) regulation applicable and non-compliant, (C) regulation non-applicable after adjustment … of activity, and (D) regulation non-applicable to the activity. Rather than use the generic labels 'informal' and 'formal …