In 1984, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. ("Chevron") that courts owe deference to an executive agency's interpretation of a statute. On November 10, 2014, the Supreme Court in Whitman v. United States, a criminal...

This discussion paper raises questions about the accountability of cryptocurrencies, particularly altcoins, and the international law enforcement responses to the underlying threats that such instruments, particularly in darknet markets, pose for law enforcement agencies working globally and in...

It has become increasingly fashionable for many countries especially those in the developing world to include extensive Bills of Rights in their constitutions. The inclusion of socio-economic rights in such Bills of Rights has also been on the increase. While the developing world, particularly...

Congress passed the Federal Trade Commission Act in 1914, displeased with its initial foray into competition policy, the Sherman Act. Congress desired to create a Commission comprised of “trained, skillful [people]…. clothed with adequate authority” who could provide “more complete and...

Current scholarship emphasises the correlation between enforcement of corporate and securities laws and strong capital markets. Yet, the issue of how private and public enforcement may achieve the objectives of compensation and optimal deterrence remains controversial. While enforcement...

This paper investigates a manufacturer's ability to influence compliance rates among its authorized online retailers by exploiting changes in the Minimum Advertised Price (MAP) policy and in dealer agreements. MAP is a pricing policy widely used by manufacturers to influence prices set by their...

This paper studies the prevalence and consequences of size-dependent tax enforcement and compliance. The identification strategy uses the ranking of industries' average firm size in the United States as an instrument for the size ranking of the same industries in developing countries. Data on...

For centuries, defaulting governments were immune from legal action by foreign creditors. This paper shows that this is no longer the case. Building a dataset covering four decades, we find that creditor lawsuits have become an increasingly common feature of sovereign debt markets. The legal...

Risk assessment — measuring an individual's potential for offending — has long been an important aspect of criminal justice, especially in connection with sentencing, pretrial detention and police decision-making. To aid in the risk assessment inquiry, a number of states have recently begun...

Earnouts are contractual agreements in merger and acquisition (M&A) deals that link part of the acquisition price to the future performance of the target company. These contracts seem to be a panacea for adverse selection and valuation risk issues in M&As. However, earnouts are not very popular....