In 2018, bank lending to corporate customers is gradually gaining momentum mainly by means of rouble loans to non-financial institutions. Domestic bond market dynamics slowed down dramatically due to reduction of new borrowings by the Rosneft oil company. In 2018, the share of bond loans on the...

All companies, governments, states and organisations need to raise additional finance for different purposes. There are several different methods, such as bank loans, bonds, notes, structured products or new equity, available to obtain the required amount of money. The set of financial sources...

We find that banking relationships built through institutional cross-ownership influence the granting of loans as well as loan contract terms. Specifically, firms newly added to institutional cross-owners’ portfolios are more likely to borrow from banks that previously issued loans to other...