, with a particular interest in how CSR and credit ratings are interrelated as a joint determinant of loan spreads. Focusing … spread. Once we include detailed credit rating information in the models, however, CSR concerns lose significance, but CSR … evidence that CSR matters to the pricing of loan contracts beyond credit rating information and the results remain robust to …

We investigate whether government credit guarantee schemes, extensively used after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic …, led to substitution of non-guaranteed with guaranteed credit rather than fully adding to the supply of lending. We study … this issue using a unique euro-area credit register data, matched with supervisory bank data and establish two main …

jeopardized. This raises concerns for lending institutions that have provided credit to these companies, potentially leading to …

the financial health of the contracting parties and uncertainty regarding the borrowers' credit quality. The relative …