farmers' abilities to move grain inter-temporally. Providing timely access to credit allows farmers to buy at lower prices and …Large and regular seasonal price fluctuations in local grain markets appear to offer African farmers substantial inter …-temporal arbitrage opportunities, but these opportunities remain largely unexploited: small-scale farmers are commonly observed to "sell …

This paper evaluates an approach popularized by McCloskey and Nash (1984) that exploits the fact that grain prices … prices for early 19th century U.S. regions, we show that the grain price approach is useful for capturing differences in …

crude oil shipments are associated with substantially larger spreads between wheat prices at regional elevators and in … associated with small increases in rail rates but large increases in rail car auction prices. We document increases in wheat … prices paid to farmers, suggesting consumers rather than producers paid the cost of increased rail congestion …

finds that rising food prices for rice, millet and sorghum, corn, as well as wheat and bread could together lead to a …Concerns have been raised about the impact of rising food prices worldwide on the poor. To assess the (short term …) impact of rising food prices in any particular country it is necessary to look at both the impact on food producers (who …