prices between distant markets, the process started and advanced gradually in the eighteenth century instead of suddenly … (1999, 2002, 2004). We use long time-series of grain prices for several markets in Western Europe and the Americas to … prices between markets, is used. A general decrease in price dispersion is observed when the early eighteenth century is …

Commodity prices in maize and wheat have risen by more than 50 percent since 2006. While much of this increase reflects … increasing demand and some constraints on supply, another factor contributing to the rising prices is the export restraints … domestic prices low, they tighten global supply and put upward pressure on prices for importers. This report presents …