The second half of the 20th century has seen West Africa move from being an essentially rural society to a mainly urban one. This process has occured at varying speeds in different countries, often depending on economic growth, but in every case national resource have fallen far short of what is...

This article makes a point to the most important trends regarding the policy on promoting innovation in the European Union countries. These involve highly significance for skilled labor, national and international cooperation, increase of regional and enterprises involvement and public markets...

Innovation is not simply a body of practice but also a body of behaviors, a complex frameset of interactions, learning processes and co-evolution between actors and institutions. This paper elaborates on the opposition between cooperative-learning and competitive-learning situations and on three...

The number of free trade agreements has increased substantially since 1980 despite efforts to promote multilateral trade liberalization. While there is evidence on the determinants of FTA formation, still little is known on the processing of trade agreements, particularly regarding the...

The European tobacco control report describes the tobacco control situation and the status of tobacco control policies in the WHO European Region as at late 2006; reviews progress following the adoption of the European Strategy for Tobacco Control (ESTC) in 2002; and establishes a baseline for...

This study demonstrates the relevance of tobacco control in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It outlines the occurrence of high and increasing prevalence of tobacco use in the developing world, and documents the negative health and economic effects associated with tobacco...

The international trade in Afghan drugs is one of the most significant transnational threats emanating from Central Asia. Exacerbated by weak border management, corruption, and lack of income-generating alternatives, the “Northern Route†is a scourge not only for the Central Asian...