Well-known finances in Iraq trusted oil revenues to finance elements of spending accounting for a huge proportion of among (94-97%) of the whole public sales predicted, posing a danger to the overall Iraqi financial system to hyperlink oil costs, foreign currency and its impact by using making...

The Iowa Budget and Financial Control Committee, created by the Iowa legislature and composed of members of both houses thereof, is vested with power to investigate all facets of state government and to control extensive areas of state spending. Since the activity of this committee permeates so...

Political institutions can affect corruption. We use audit reports from an anti-corruption program in Brazil to construct new measures of political corruption in local governments and test whether electoral accountability affects the corruption practices of incumbent politicians. We find...

Can an accrual budgeting system - a system in which budgetary spending authorizations to line ministries are formulated in accrual terms - serve the needs of good fiscal policy? If so, how must such a system be designed? What are the practical challenges which may arise in implementing sound...

The Swedish Fiscal Policy Council (FPC) set up in 2007 is one example of the recent international trend to create independent fiscal watchdogs. The FPC has established itself as an important participant in the Swedish economic policy discussion. The FPC has small resources and a broad remit...

Over the past four decades, the accumulation of policy legacies and public debt has led to a decline in fiscal flexibility in Germany and the United States. By applying an index of fiscal democracy to Germany, the paper illustrates the associated shrinkage of democratic control over budget...