This paper analyses the welfare effects of vertical integration of networks and trade in energy markets. Vertical integration reduces the effect of double marginalisation, thus increasing welfare. On the other hand, vertical integration hinders equal competition, rendering the vertically...

This report analyses three instruments aimed at increasing the reliability of electricity production. Read also the accompanying <a href="http://www.cpb.nl/en/pressrelease/3213057/government-measures-raise-security-energy-supply-are-expensive">press release</a> and Special Publication '<a href="http://www.cpb.nl/en/publication/energy-policies-and-risks-energy-markets-cost-benefit-analysis">Energy policies and risks on energy markets; a cost-benefit analysis</a>'. In the system of capacity markets, the transmission...

Starting with a 'greenfield' situation, we discuss reasons for market failure in road infrastructure provision. We show why it may not be optimal from a welfare perspective to leave road provision fully to the market and government intervention in this sector can improve welfare. Government...

Pleas for a level playing field, for instance in international trade, are often not well-founded. This is because it is not exactly clear what a 'level playing field' means. But even if it would be clear what the plea would imply, a level playing field is not always desirable from an economic...

The Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs has proposed to replace the currently implemented structure of legal unbundling of the energy distribution industry by ownership unbundling. In this study we analyse the costs and benefits of this proposal. We compare the proposal to the current...

This paper presents a framework for analysing spatial aspects of environmental policies in the regulation of trans-boundary externalities. A spatial price equilibrium model for two regions is constructed, where interactions between these regions can occur via trade and transport, via mutual...

This paper presents a framework for analysing spatial aspects of environmentalpolicies in the regulation of trans-boundary externalities. A spatial priceequilibrium model for two regions is constructed, where interactions betweenthese regions can occur via trade and transport, via mutual...

This paper studies the relationship between reliability (proxied by punctuality) and productivity in passenger railroad services. Increasing reliability may lower productivity, as it requires inputs, that can’t be used to produce outputs. The relationship between reliability and productivity...