We build China's national production function based on national accounting data since 1997, when China primarily transformed from the Planned economy to Market. By proxying and measuring stocks of human capital(HC), physical capital and the efficiency units, as well as government expenditure...

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effects of goal orientation on understanding the dynamics of stocks and flows (SF). Design/methodology/approach: The authors use the well-established department store task as the experimental task to evaluate people’s understanding of SF and...

A new method based on the heat duty–time (Q–t) diagram is proposed for heat integration of heat exchanger networks featuring batch streams. Using the Q–t diagram method, the energy targets and the structure of the initial heat exchanger network can be easily obtained. The method can be...

On the grand composite curve of a heat exchange network, a heat pocket exists when a local heat source above the pinch point or a local heat sink below the pinch point appears. In this paper, heat recovery in the heat pocket is presented by combining the pinch technology and exergy analysis....

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in cooling water systems to transport cooling water to its users. They are installed in the header line of the feed pipe, constituting a main pump network. The pressure head of the main pumps must be large enough to satisfy the pressure heads of all coolers. The...

Multi-feed multi-product (MFMP) operation is a characteristic and significant trend in the development of novel energy-chemical systems. The complicated characteristics of an MFMP system coupled with multiple materials, energy and information flows are difficult to assess on the basis of...

Introducing purification devices into hydrogen systems can enhance the extent of hydrogen reuse. However, the economic performance of a purification device depends on its appropriate placement within a hydrogen system. Based on some established graphical methods, this paper explores the...

We build China's national production function based on national accounting data since 1997, when China primarily transformed from the Planned economy to Market. By proxying and measuring stocks of human capital(HC), physical capital and the efficiency units, as well as government expenditure...

Growing hydrogen demands in oil refining are forcing many refiners to optimize their hydrogen distribution networks in order to address the demands without incurring excessive energy consumption, capital investment and operating costs. In addition to the use of hydrogen utility, the foremost...