This paper studies the perception of fairness of the income-tax splitting benefit of married couples under the German income-tax régime using interview data from 219 North German employees. The great majority of subjects disapprove of the present boon of tax splitting, which is considered as...

Nicolas Bernoulli’s discovery in 1713 that games of hazard may have infinite expected value, later called the St. Petersburg Paradox, initiated the development of expected utility in the following three centuries. An account of the origin and the solution concepts proposed for the St....

The Petersburg Paradox and its solutions are formulated in a uniform arrangement centered around d'Alembert's ratio test. All its aspects are captured using three mappings, a mapping from the natural numbers to the space of the winnings, a utility function defined on the space of the winnings,...

In 1713 Nicolas Bernoulli sent to de Montmort several mathematical problems, the fifth of which was at odds with the then prevailing belief that the advantage of games of hazard follows from their expected value. In spite of the infinite expected value of this game, no gambler would venture a...