Prior research on technology standardization has focused on two common patterns: processes in which product developers and other stakeholders cooperate to achieve a consensus outcome, and “standards wars” in which competing technologies vie for dominance in the market. This study examines...

In this chapter, we investigate how firms work with universities in the course of their innovation activities. We provide an overview of three main modes of direct interaction between firms and universities: IP licensing, research services and research partnerships. We outline the main...

Theories of platform strategy and adoption have been largely derived from studies of their application in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. These platforms vary in openness, with the model of open source software providing the best-known exemplar for open platforms....