Introduction: debt, deficits and austerity -- We must live within our means -- Governments must balance their books -- We must tighten our belts -- Don't go into debt -- Taxes are a burden -- Austerity: there is no alternative -- Always an alternative.

The paper compares fiscal cyclicality across regions and countries from 1960 to 2016. It finds that more than half of 170 countries analyzed in seven regions had, in more recent years, limited fiscal space, and that their fiscal policy was either cyclical or procyclical. This was particularly...