We examine the scaling relationship between the number of patents granted and the population size of individual states in the U.S. over the period of 1992-2010. We find an increasing return to scale or superlinear relationship for the total sample of 50 states. And this relationship is...

The relationship between size of cities and energy use and carbon dioxide emissions has become an important research topic with the accelerated urbanizations. Results from previous empirical analyses have diverged greatly on the relationship between population and carbon emissions. In this...

A projection of future carbon emission is a vital input in influencing climate change for the world as well as for individual country and region. We provide alternative projections of future carbon dioxide emission and compare our projections with those from the International Energy Outlook...

We examine the scaling relationship of pedestrian fatality counts as a function of the population size of 115 to 161 large U.S cities during the period of 1994 to 2011. We also examine the relationship of non-pedestrian and total traffic fatality counts as well. We used both annual and panel...

Terrestrial protected areas are an important tool for biodiversity conservation. Recent expansion of terrestrial projection areas is such that fifty countries have already reached or exceeded the 17% target to be realized by 2020. This research examines whether countries with low level of...

Marine Protected Areas are central to conservation in oceans and seas and serve as protected areas for fish populations. The rapid growth of Marine Protected Areas has been guided by several leading countries in recent years. This research examines whether countries with low level of protection...

One of the important unresolved questions on the analysis of urban traffic congestion deals with urban congestion penalty versus advantage. This research with examine whether larger cities experience disproportionately greater traffic congestion by using data available from Tom Tom for 164...

This research examines the existence of urban safety advantage versus penalty among 49 to 42 large cities. Each city is scored across four main categories of safety: digital security, health security, infrastructure safety, and personal safety for the year of 2015. Total group of cities is...

Using yearly nitrogen dioxide pollution measures in parts per billion for 179 countries during 1979 to 2011, this research examines whether the convergence process of catch-ups has taken place among countries in both total as well as in multiple subgroups of countries. All four income subgroups...

Past studies indicate that some countries experienced increasing trends of electricity intensities, while other countries experienced decreasing trends. The basic purpose of this paper is to use experience curve, to estimate past trends of electricity intensities for 91 countries. We then select...