It is known that the intermediate products trade, as part of the global trade, is growing due to the international externalization. Companies divide the production activities and develop networks based on comparative advantages on a large scale. For that purpose, they take into account the legal...

This paper considers a supply chain network with multiple depots and geographically dispersed customers, each of which faces non-constant demand over a discrete planning horizon. The goal is to determine a set of depots to open, the delivery quantities to customers per period and the sequence in...

A company’s operating capabilities, performance and risk are determined by its supply chain, the complex set of activities spread across internal functions and external partners that together enable it to deliver its products. Supply chains have traditionally been coordinated with...

The supply chain is a network of suppliers, production capacities, warehouses, wholesale and retail centres through which the raw materials are purchased, transformed and delivered to consumers and users. In order to integrate the commercial and economic activities at the supply chain level...

One emerging tool to measure the social-related impacts in supply chains is Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), a derivative of the well-established environmental LCA technique. LCA has recently started to gain popularity among large corporations and initiatives, such as The Sustainability...

The necessity of sustainability evaluation is rapidly growing alongside the expansion of civilization. Likewise, the supply chain suitability improvement is a need that has arisen in the petroleum industry, especially as it is responsible for the most part of CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere. The...

The extent to what bad labor conditions across the globe are associated with international trade is unknown. Here, we quantify the bad labor conditions associated with consumption in seven world regions, the “bad labor” footprint. In particular, we analyze how much occupational health...

Qualitative interviews with participants in the cocoa (<em>Theobroma cacao</em>) supply chain in Costa Rica and the United States were conducted and supplemented with an analysis of the marketing literature to examine the prospects of organic and Fairtrade certification for enhancing environmentally and...

Data collection, or the inventory step, is often the most labor-intensive phase of any Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study. The S-LCA Guidelines and numerous authors have recommended generic assessment in this first phase of an S-LCA. In an effort to identify the social hotspots in the supply...

This paper presents a refined means of conceptualizing the combination of sets of integrated business processes and activities that since the late 1980s has come to be known as the “supply chain.” It identifies specific sets of processes and activities, “channels,” by the primary...