This article examines the German Pfandbrief ('covered bond') as an example of the banking practice of 'originate to hold' by which mortgage debts are retained on the balance sheet of the originator and not sold on to a third party such as an investor or hedge fund. The global financial crisis...

We study how air pollution impacts the U.S. labor market by analyzing effects of drifting wildfire smoke that can affect populations far from the fires themselves. We link satellite smoke plumes with labor market outcomes to estimate that an additional day of smoke exposure reduces quarterly...

We evaluate the impact of extreme US wildfires and related smoke and air pollution events on household mobility, housing and financial outcomes. The analysis relies on information on the fire burn footprint and related structure damage from the US National Incident Command System,...

Increasing numbers of wild fires have been noted in the past decades as well as increasing intensity and acreage burned. The invasion of wild lands and rural areas by new housing, the recreational industry, hikers, bikers and the destruction of wild life by increased hunting, thinning to reduce...

Wildfire presents an unprecedented and growing threat to America's forests. A variety of factors have combined to create some of the worst and largest wildfires in modern history. The negative effects from wildfires stretch beyond environmental concerns; wildfire suppression costs are also an...