This paper evaluates the impact of quality of education on violence and crime using student performances on a mandatory … investments in education as a source of exogenous variation and finds that better education quality has a negative impact on … consistent with an opportunity cost effect of education, that is, high quality education increases expectations of being absorbed …

Indonesia has made significant progress in increasing access to education over the last decade. Despite these … the poorest households. The cost of education is also likely to partly explain the higher drop-out rates seen in Indonesia … impressive trends, many children do not continue their education beyond the primary and junior secondary level. While a number of …

specifically, we analyze whether including the right to education in the constitution has been related to better "educational … estimation technique: we find that there is no evidence that including the right to education in the constitution has been … associated with higher test scores. The quality of education depends on socioeconomic, structural, and policy variables, such as …