In a model where upstream network insiders conduct relationship-specific investment, downstream firms have an incentive to transact within networks. Evidence from U.S. auto parts exports to 26 auto-producing countries supports key predictions of the model. Greater production scale for assemblers...

In the 1990s, Mexico gradually dismantled and ultimately liquidated CONASUPO, its state enterprise in agriculture. CONASUPO was a typical less developed country (LDC) parastatal, exacting control over an important component of Mexico's food chain. This paper examines the demise of CONASUPO in...

There has been increasing pressure from governments and NGOs to restrict the international trade in waste in the belief that each nation should address its own waste disposal problems. In this paper we develop a Material Balance Flow Model to investigate if free trade in non-toxic waste can...

This paper estimates export and import equations for Brazil using annual data from 1955 to 1995. The econometric procedures account for the nonstationarity of the data, applying cointegration techniques and using an error-correction model framework. The validity of treating conditioning...

Proponents of trade liberalization routinely defend international trade institutions as engines of economic growth that benefit everyone. How trade proponents justify trade institutions matters because their justificatory rhetoric leads to certain policy conclusions about whether it is...

In May, 1981, a voluntary export restraint (VER) was placed on exports of automobiles from Japan to the United States. As trade policies go, this one was important. The automobile industry is the largest manufacturing industry in the United States and the initiation of the VER captured...

We investigate the role of networks of alliances in preventing (multilateral) interstate wars. We first show that, in the absence of international trade, no network of alliances is peaceful and stable. We then show that international trade induces peaceful and stable networks: trade increases...

Over the past forty years, environmental trading systems have emerged as one of the primary innovations of American environmental law. In fields ranging from climate change mitigation to wetlands protection, regulated entities now may proceed with otherwise proscribed activities in return for...

Introduction -- Limitations of Voluntary Restraints -- Follies of Voluntary Restraints: Politics and Economics -- CD Players: Laster Light at the End of the Tunnel -- Meeting the Challenge: Blind Alley of New Protection -- Trade Rules and Struggle for Margin -- Market Structure and Dumping --...

Der Faktormarkt für Arbeit lässt sich aufgrund fortschreitender Spezialisierungsanforderungen, räumlicher Friktionen und sozialer Interdependenzen durch perfekt kompetitive Strukturen nur unzureichend beschreiben. In Analogie zu industrieökonomischen Ansätzen sowie in Abgrenzung zu...