This article looks at the present state of the ‘culture and trade debate’ by tracing the developments that have taken place since the adoption and entry into force of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions on 18 March 2007. It examines...

We document a novel stylized fact: Using data for several countries, we show that export activity is disproportionately concentrated in larger cities – even more so than overall economic activity. We account for this fact by marrying elements of international trade and economic geography. We...

In 2016, the world became aware of the Chinese Communist Party’s repressive campaign against the Muslim Uyghur populace of China’s far west Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, under which upwards of one million Uyghurs have been detained in reeducation and forced labor camps. This paper...

We consider a dynamic setting in which two sovereign states with overlapping ownership claims on a resource/asset first arm and then choose whether to resolve their dispute violently through war or peacefully through settlement. Both approaches depend on the states’ military capacities, but...

International trade increased rapidly after 1990, fueled by the growth of a complex network of global value chains. Financial globalization gathered force. Trade globalization, however, reversed course since the Global Financial Crisis. The new trend is expected to endure after the Global...

This study examines the extent to which policy-based loans to SME exporters affect their export performance (the intensive margin of exports). We also investigate the heterogeneous export effects of policy-based loans that may depend on firm- and industry-specific characteristics, such as credit...

"As part of the overall revision process, changes have been made to every chapter in the book. All statistics have been updated to incorporate the most recently available data. Important current events have been incorporated into the text and discussed at length"--