It is found that patents in China are highly clustered in two groups of provinces: one is the economically fast growing coastal provinces, and the other is inland provinces with large bases of populations, while degree of spatial concentration of patents is declining over time. It is also...

A large body of literature has examined international grain trade in imperfectly competitive models. The article develops a two-stage duopoly model that considers a private trader and a State Trading Enterprise (STE) competing on a foreign market. The key difference between the private trader...

The Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), which was meant to undo the MFA, is to be effected by the year 2005 despite inherent tendencies in the past to continually protect textile and clothing (T&C) industries. How did we get into this protectionist quagmire? What lay...

Copyright has been increasingly internationalized and, recently, more and more harmonized. However, there has been little theoretical study of international copyright. This paper develops and analyzes a non-cooperative two-country model of copyright, where two countries trade in information...

Given the global dominance of American movies, they play a significant role in presenting U.S. ideology and culture to the world, thus raising concern of undermining domestic culture. This paper investigates whether trade shapes culture by studying the impact of imported American movies on...

Capital controls may adversely affect international trade. This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of capital controls for reducing macroeconomic volatilities and then mitigating their negative effects on international trade. Using quarterly data, we applied a dynamic panel approach to a...

In the course of the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European domination. Two factors played critical roles. First, the Islamic inheritance system, by raising the costs of dissolving a partnership following a partner's death, kept Middle...

In this paper we discuss the extent to which countries in the former Silk Road regions are either reaching or failing to reach their trading potential with China. We estimate a gravity model of trade using a Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood estimator, and estimate trade potential using...