pt. I. Foundations and historical overviews -- pt. II. Systemic causes of international trade policy and regimes -- pt. III. Societal and state causes of international trade policy and regimes -- pt. IV. Consequences of trade : growth, equity, environment, labour and human rights -- pt. V....

This paper examines the impact of protectionist policies on exports within global value chains (GVCs), using the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment. Leveraging UK customs data (2017–2020) and a shift-share identification strategy, we estimate an elasticity of exports with respect to...