We document that households relocated during the recent Great Recession and its aftermath were substantially more likely to hold their previous homes for an extended period of time. We identify two contributing factors to this phenomenon. First, falling house prices pushed many homes into the...

Relying on the hidden Markov model improved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO-HMM), we develop a dual-decision method to address the issue of state-dependent futures hedging. Our approach is attractive in two ways. First, it uses the PSO algorithm to overcome the shortcomings of...