This paper provides a Markov chain model for the term structure and credit risk spreads of bond prices. It allows dependency between the stochastic process modeling the interest rate and the Markov chain process describing changes in the credit rating of the bonds by their mutual dependency on a...

Proponents of the existence of an optimum capital structure suggest that companies continue to employ debt until the marginal benefit of leverage equals its marginal cost. In contrast, advocates of the pecking order theory contend that observed capital structures reflect the relationship between...

The paper examines the relative performance of Stochastic Volatility (SV) and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) models fitted to ten years of daily data for FTSE. As a benchmark, we used the realized volatility (RV) of FTSE sampled at 5 min intervals taken...

The paper uses a recently suggested test for unit roots in panels of time series data (Maddala and Wu, 1999) to consider the Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis. The major innovation of this test is that it allows both the testing of the unit root null, using the ADF test, and the stationarity...

Many existing extensions of the Engle and Russell's (1998) Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) model in the literature are aimed at providing additional flexibility either on the dynamics of the conditional duration model or the allowed shape of the hazard function, i.e. its two most...

This paper examines the use of machine learning methods in modeling and forecasting time series with long memory through GARMA. By employing rigorous model selection criteria through simulation study, we find that the hybrid GARMA-LSTM model outperforms traditional approaches in forecasting...