We study the interaction between government’s fiscal support policies and firms’ market financing. Using regulatory data on the universe of Chilean firms, we test the role of Central Bank’s special credit line to domestic banks and government-backed credit guarantees provided during...

We quantify the role of heterogeneity in households’ financial constraints in explaining the large decline in consumption between 2006 and 2009. Using household-level data, we show that in addition to a direct effect of changes in house prices, there are sizable indirect effects from general...

We estimate a multi-country multi-sector New Keynesian model to quantify the drivers of domestic inflation during 2020–2023 in several countries, including the United States. The model matches observed inflation together with sector-level prices and wages. We further measure the relative...

We estimate a multi-country multi-sector New Keynesian model to quantify the drivers of domestic inflation during 2020-2023 in several countries, including the United States. The model matches observed inflation together with sector-level prices and wages. We further measure the relative...

Using comprehensive administrative data on Chilean firms, we examine whether credit lines and government-backed credit guarantees mitigated the impact of the large sudden stop event during the pandemic--the abrupt withdrawal of international capital. Our analysis employs a regression...

This report elucidates the risk channels for EU economies associated with international financial integration and provides an overview of the macroprudential policy options that are available to address these risks.1 It builds on the main insights from the rich academic literature developed...