The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic is over; however, the probability of such a pandemic is about 2% in …) concerning a global plan to deal with the next pandemic on the scale of COVID-19, known as "Disease X". We develop a nonlinear … starts. We use panel data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the cross section of all states of …

exists that examines this health shock on mortality because of lack of available data. This paper uses newly released files … from the large, representative National Longitudinal Mortality Study to explore the mortality effects of the 1918 influenza … mortality or by categories of cause-of-death. These results are counter-intuitive in their contrast with the many reported …