End-stage renal disease (ESRD), or kidney failure, is a debilitating, costly, and increasingly common medical condition …

drug purchases and drug developments. Nature chooses disease contraction, recovery, death, and virus mutation. The game is …

disease from air pollution is to a large extent preventable, estimation of the magnitude of its economic cost is important. We ….68 percent of GDP. Under the WTP approach, mortality cost is significantly higher. Research limitations/implications: In spite of … some standard methodological limitations, giving a monetary value to the burden of disease from air pollution highlights …

important to assess HCE by disease and analyze their factors to estimate and improve future HCE. Methods: We extracted … Insurance data in Japan, and used a Bayesian approach to decompose monthly HCE into five disease groups (circulatory, chronic … kidney disease, neoplasms, respiratory, and others). The relationship between the proximity to death and the average HCE in …

the estimated 16% increase of diabetic mortality falls within employable age groups. We estimate that disease combination …We study changes in age-specific diabetes-related mortality and annual health care utilization. We find that half of …-specific increase in case fatality has resulted in premature diabetic mortality costing $3.2 billion annually. The estimated annual …