This study was commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Economic and Scientific Policy, upon request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. It provides an overview of the Posting of Workers Directive, focussing on the current situation and major patterns...

Wages differ between countries due to differences in the costs of living, productivity, the working environment, and in the overall (im)balance between the supply of and the demand for labour. Sectoral minimum wages are typically the results of the overall collective bargaining processes and...

This study was commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Economic and Scientific Policy, upon request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. It provides an overview of the Posting of Workers Directive, focussing on the current situation and major patterns...

Social dialogue still matters in Europe. Recent EU-level policy debates have highlighted that, particularly since the 2008 crisis, the emergence of new debates on social justice, democracy, the quality of work and new models for labour relations have been challenging traditional industrial...

This study provides a comprehensive review of the transport labour market trends in the EU, the challenges and the future prospects that transport workers and undertakings are confronted with, notably for digitalisation, automation and decarbonisation processes. The study describes the impacts...

This report looks at the impact that public policy has had on personal and household services (PHS) around the EU. Specifically, it considers those tools that aim at encouraging formal employment and discourage undeclared work. For this analysis care services are excluded, whilst the public...

A European Company (Societas Europaea, ES) is a relatively new legal form of company operating on a Europe-wide basis. The EU legislation governing the formation and operation of such companies also stipulates the need for employee involvement, in the form of information, consultation and...