The static tradeoff theory of capital structure predicts that firms aim to approach a target debt ratio. The theory provides several firm characteristics that determine this target ratio. In contrast, the pecking order model rejects a target debt ratio, because firms are expected to finance...

"This paper extends the basic pecking order model of Shyam-Sunder and Myers by separating the effects of financing surpluses, normal deficits, and large deficits. Using a panel of US firms over the period 1971-2005, we find that the estimated pecking order coefficient is highest for surpluses...

This study combines quantitative and qualitative research methods to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of superior performance among the largest firms in the global oil industry during the 1954--2008 period by identifying new stylized facts. The combination of parametric and...