Citizens and politicians rely on their knowledge of a pension system, particularly its redistributive features, when forming their preferences and evaluating its fairness. Taking advantage of the Bismarckian rule of proportionality in Germany, we provide experimental and survey-based evidence...

How shall publicly provided excludable goods be financed - by general taxation or user fees? Prominent applications are in education, notably universities and early childcare. The general conclusion of the existing literature is that exclusive tax financing is neither efficient nor desirable...