In the last 20 years immigration to Austria has not only gained momentum but has also undergone significant structural change. On the one hand refugees, asylum seekers and family members of foreign residents entered in increasing numbers, on the other rising migration flows resulted from...

Absenteeism due to sickness and accidents depends on labour supply and demand factors. The propensity to be sick varies with age and gender; in the EU the sick leave rate tends to be higher for women than for men; exceptions are Austria, Germany and Belgium. The sick leave rate is highest for...

A representative survey of Austrian firms and several case studies reveal that the Austrian labour market is severely segmented. Qualifications and wages differ markedly by firm size. Large firms have well developed internal labour markets, which facilitate the adjustment of the labour force to...

The end of the Cold War, the increasing importance of international operations, and the development of a co-ordinated European security and defence strategy have led many countries in Europe to reform their national system of military defence – Belgium in 1994, the Netherlands in the second...

The Waldviertel is a structurally challenged region in the north-west of Lower Austria. Located in the north-east of Austria and extending from a long border with the Czech Republic as an incipient EU member in the north and the Danube river in the south, its population had been declining for...