The question how best to value privately-held equity for various purposes remains an open debate. In general, valuation models are asset-based, income-based or hybrid models, etc. In this study, we focus on Option Pricing Methodology (OPM), one of the widely used valuation models. We evaluate...

Over the past several years, researchers in economics and finance have used spectral methods to determine the structure of the stochastic discount factor. In this paper, we show that spectral methods can also be used to value an option on private equity. We show that the volatility of the equity...

The growing demand for secondary transactions and secondary purchases in the private equity market has emerged as a prominent trend, driven by investors seeking liquidity and access to mature investments with shorter holding periods. Despite the promising nature of secondary transactions, they...

This paper reviews methods that can be used to value illiquid investments, with a particular focus on private equity and real estate. We discuss the traditional valuation methods, in particular the net present value (NPV) rule, and show in what circumstances these can lead to suboptimal...