Local production is a central theme in sustainable development and is of increasing current interest in e.g. food and energy production. This paper extends the classical Hotelling duopoly model of spatial competition to allowing for local production at the household level. The model is applied...

This paper presents an overview of an analysis method based on self-organizing maps (SOM) which was applied to an activated sludge treatment process in a pulp mill. The aim of the study was to determine whether the neural network modeling method could be a useful and time-saving way to analyze...

This paper studies optimal investment and the dynamic cost of income uncertainty, applying a stochastic programming approach. The motivation is given by a case study in Finnish agriculture. The investment decision of a representative farm is modelled as a Markov decision process, extended to...