The role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) outflow has become significant and essential for sustainable economic growth in Southeast Asia region particularly Singapore. The saturation of the domestic resources accumulation and as export-led regime, the government of Singapore introduced the...

Using the recently developed linearity test and non-linear unit root test, this study shows that the income gaps of Finland, Norway and Sweden with respect to Denmark are non-linear but stationary with no significant trend effect, implying the Nordic countries have already attained steady state...

Early detection of a turning point in a business cycle is crucial, as information about the changing phases in business cycles enables policy makers, the business community, and investors to cope better with unexpected events brought about by economic and business situations. The Malaysian...

The initiative to capture the information content behind the rise and fall of the business cycle has popularized the study of leading indicators. Many of the foreign experiences shared by economically advanced countries reveal that the leading indicator approach works well as a short-term...

Many businesses were badly impacted as consumer spending habit shifted due to Covid-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study is to investigate consumer purchase intention on Boba drink during Covid-19. By adopting Theory of Planned Behavior, this study explores the influence of perceived...

The objective of this study is to discover the determinants of Direct Investment Abroad (DIA) of Singapore. It also measures the impacts of various determinants on the DIA of Singapore. Based on theoretical justification, several potential determinants including aggregate income, interest rate,...

Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) model is widely adopted in the exchange rate study as its symmetrical distribution matches that of the symmetrical exchange rate adjustment behaviour. In contrast, another specification of STAR model, namely the LSTAR (logistic STAR) model is...

The linearity and stationarity of the real exchange rates of India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are investigated using formal linearity and the recently developed nonlinear stationary test procedures. Results obtained show that these real exchange rates are stationary albeit the presence of...

This study shows that augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test failed to detect covariance nonstationary series. Supportive of Ahamada (2004), this study finds that the cumulative sums of squares procedure in Inclán and Tiao (1994) is useful to complement the ADF test. As illustration, the ADF test...

This study demonstrates the usefulness of Kapetanois et al. (2003) test in differentiating the two stages of income convergence—long run convergence and catching up. A re-examination of the “Four Asian Dragons” economies, in which their income differentials with respect to Japan have been...