We investigate whether trades made by chief financial officers (CFOs) reveal more information about future stock returns than those by chief executive officers (CEOs). We find that CFOs earn statistically and economically higher abnormal returns following their purchases of company shares than...

In this paper, we investigate the effect of shareholder activism on earnings management. Using a US sample of shareholder pay-for-performance proposals sponsored by institutional investors, we find that when compared to control firms, firms targeted by shareholder proposals have a greater...