The critical thickness of structural transition from a tetragonal structure to a normal bulk structure for epitaxial ultrathin films deposited on the metallic and semiconductor substrates is thermodynamically considered. It is found that equilibrium between the elastic energy of the tetrahedral...

This paper examines the choice of health care for minor aliments in Japan for patients suffering from thirteen different minor aliments. Original data were obtained from a survey conducted by the authors. For the common cold, shoulder/neck pain, backache, constipation/diarrea, asthenopia,...

This article examines the choice of health care in Japan for patients suffering from the common cold.

In this paper, we propose an extended car-following model and an electricity consumption model to study the effects of the road’s slope on the electric vehicle’s electricity consumption. The numerical results show that each electric vehicle’s electricity consumption increases with the...

The augmented Lagrangian method is attractive in constraint optimizations. When it is applied to a class of constrained variational inequalities, the sub-problem in each iteration is a nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP). By introducing a logarithmic-quadratic proximal term, the sub-NCP...

In this paper, two types of Levitin–Polyak well-posedness of vector equilibrium problems with variable domination structures are investigated. Criteria and characterizations for two types of Levitin–Polyak well-posedness of vector equilibrium problems are shown. Moreover, by virtue of a gap...

In response to the criticism on the measurement system of self‐assessment against the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model, this paper reports the development of a more scientific and accurate scoring method. The decision model constructed has focused on the “processes”...