This paper shows that, in the temporal model of Eeckhoudt et al. (2012), prudence alone is sufficient to obtain a precautionary effort. Moreover, our conclusions relax the assumption of the convexity of loss probability. We further analyze the effect of the introduction or deterioration of...

We define decreasing higher-degree Ross risk aversion and provide an intuitive interpretation for it. We show that all deteriorations of background risk in the sense of n-th risk increase raise risk aversion in the Arrow-Pratt sense if and only if decreasing (n 1)-th degree Ross risk aversion...