France has a long-standing tradition of legislating in favour of gender equality in the domain of employment and professional life. The principle of equality between men and women was first recognized in 1946 in the Preamble to the French Constitution. The law of 11 February 1950 first regulated...

The Finnish legal system is based on statute law. The Government has the legislative initiative, but even legislative proposals made by MPs may be adopted. An agenda initiative has been in use since 2012. In most cases, legislation is introduced by a Government Bill, but even the new citizens'...

Spain recognizes certain legislative autonomy in their Autonomous Communities for the execution of legislation but anti-discrimination legislation is an exclusive task of the central Government. However, some Autonomous Communities have strategies or plans for the equality of women and men that...

The Czech legal system belongs to the Germanic branch of continental legal culture. Written law is the basis of the legal order, and the most important sources of law are legal regulations (acts of Parliament, as well as government or ministerial orders), international treaties (once they have...

The structure of the national legal system for guaranteeing equal treatment in Italy is mainly based on constitutional and statutory law. Statutory law can take the form of Acts of Parliament or Governmental Decrees; governmental decrees are issued following an act of delegation sent by...

The ruling FIDESZ-KDNP right-wing permanent party alliance (Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége - Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt: Alliance of Young Democrats - Christian Democratic People's Party) has structurally reorganised the Hungarian state organisation and fundamentally modified the Hungarian...

European gender equality and anti-discrimination directives were explicitly implemented by the 2006 General Equal Treatment Act and the 2006 Law on Equal Treatment of Soldiers, both federal statutes. Since then, no further explicit implementation by German legislation has taken place. But nearly...

Given the federal structure of Belgium, vocational orientation and training fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the federate authorities, i.e. Communities and Regions, which is also true for various other matters such as education (including school staff) or public housing (within the...

The United Kingdom (UK) comprises England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NI). Great Britain (GB) includes England, Wales and Scotland. The UK, which has three legal jurisdictions (England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), is a parliamentary democracy with neither a written...