The legal system of Cyprus is based on common law and equity, except where the Constitution provides otherwise. It is further based on the laws passed by the UK Parliament before Cyprus became independent (Article 29(1)(c) of the Court Law No. 14/60) and on the legislation which the House of...

Estonia is a heterogeneous society. According to the 2011 national census, there were representatives of more than 150 ethnic groups residing in Estonia, including the two biggest groups: Estonians (70 %) and Russians (25 %). According to data from the Population Registry, in early 2016, 15 % of...

Turkey is a unitary state following the system of Roman Law. It has a parliamentary system. Parliament (the Turkish Grand National Assembly) is the legislature. It enacts the laws. The Constitution is the fundamental law. Laws and regulations cannot contradict the Constitution. If there is an...

Latvia is a parliamentary State, where Parliament is the only legislator. This legislator, however, has the right to delegate legislative functions to the Cabinet of Ministers and to municipalities. Delegated legislative powers always have to be made explicit in the laws adopted by Parliament....

Norway is based on a civil law system, where the Constitution is top of the hierarchy and national laws and regulations define the system in more detail. The interpretation of laws is based on both preparatory works as well as interpretations by the courts. The court system is based on three...

Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, consisting of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are not members of the EU. The Danish judicial system is based on the traditions of civil law as in continental Europe and is more or less divided into private law and...

Croatia is a unitary and indivisible democratic and welfare state (Article 1 of the Constitution). The Croatian legal system is a civil law system, and the government is organised on the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches, but also limited by the...

The authority to enact laws is vested in the Swedish Parliament (the Riksdag). The Government, however, has the power to issue decrees concerning less important matters. To some extent this power stems directly from the Instrument of Government. But the Government can also be granted authority...

The Slovak Republic is one of the two (the other is Czech Republic) successor states established after the political change on 1 January 1993, based on Constitutional Act No. 542/1992 Coll. on the Dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Slovakia is a unitary state, divided into...

The Republic of Lithuania is a unitary state where legislative authority is vested in the central government. The regulatory authority is vested in the Parliament (the Seimas), whereas the implementation and execution of legislation belongs to the main competences of the Government (Vyriausybė)...