The United Kingdom (UK) comprises England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NI), with the term Great Britain (GB) used to refer to England, Wales and Scotland. The UK is a parliamentary democracy, based around the core principle of parliamentary sovereignty. It has neither a written...

The Republic of Serbia is a constitutional, multi-party, parliamentary democracy. Its history is that of a federal unit within a federal state - the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). After the dissolution of the SFRY in the 1990s, it was again structured as a federal state with...

The legal system in Romania is a civil law system. At the top of the legislative hierarchy is the Constitution, followed by organic laws, ordinary laws and government decisions. The court structure is organised at three level - at first instance, on a first appeal and appeals on grounds of law;...

The Republic of Lithuania is a unitary state where legislative authority is vested in the central government. The regulatory authority is vested in the Parliament (the Seimas), whereas the implementation and execution of legislation belongs to the main competences of the Government (Vyriausybė)...

The national legal system in Liechtenstein is - corresponding to its Constitution - a constitutional hereditary monarchy based on democracy and parliamentary government. Parliament (Landtag) is the representative body of the nation. Its main task is to pass legislation. For a law to enter into...

Greece is a parliamentary republic. The Greek legal order has a strict hierarchical structure provided by the Constitution,1 which is written and rigid and prevails over statutes. According to Article 28(1) of the Constitution international treaties introduced in the Greek legal order by statute...

The Netherlands is a civil law country. Its laws are written. The role of case law is small in theory, but in practice it is impossible to understand the law in many fields without taking into account the relevant case law. The primary law-making body is formed by the Dutch Parliament in...

In Poland, the 1997 Constitution, which contains general equality and antidiscrimination clauses, as well as a guarantee of equality between men and women is essential to the legal framework on gender equality. Other universal sources of law are laws, ordinances and ratified international...

Turkey is a unitary state following the system of Roman Law. It has a parliamentary system. Parliament (the Turkish Grand National Assembly) is the legislature. It enacts the laws. The Constitution is the fundamental law. Laws and regulations cannot contradict the Constitution. If there is an...

The Supreme law of the land is the Constitution of 1964 as amended. Malta is an independent republic with a parliamentary system of government. Parliament makes laws subject to respect for Malta's international obligations including membership of the European Union. The European Union Act of...