European gender equality and anti-discrimination directives were explicitly implemented by the 2006 General Equal Treatment Act and the 2006 Law on Equal Treatment of Soldiers, both federal statutes. Since then, no further explicit implementation by German legislation has taken place. But nearly...

Given the federal structure of Belgium, vocational orientation and training fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the federate authorities, i.e. Communities and Regions, which is also true for various other matters such as education (including school staff) or public housing (within the...

The United Kingdom (UK) comprises England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NI). Great Britain (GB) includes England, Wales and Scotland. The UK, which has three legal jurisdictions (England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), is a parliamentary democracy with neither a written...

Macedonian national law as an heir of ex-Yugoslav law is a continental, civil-law system. The court system is based on strict hierarchy, with basic courts, appellate courts and one Supreme Court. In addition, there is the constitutional court which until 2006 dealt with discrimination as...

The authority to enact laws is vested in the Swedish Parliament (the Riksdag). The Government, however, has the power to issue decrees concerning less important matters. To some extent this power stems directly from the Instrument of Government. But the Government can also be granted authority...

The Icelandic legal system is a civil law system based on the Danish model. Its most prevalent feature is that its core principles are codified in a referable system, which serves as the primary source of law. The Constitution of the Republic of Iceland No. 33/1944 is the highest source of law...

Croatia is a unitary and indivisible democratic and welfare state (Article 1 of the Constitution). The Croatian legal system is a civil law system, and the government is organised on the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches, but also limited by the...

In terms of direct sources of law, the Bulgarian legal system is based on a strictly defined hierarchy of the sources of law as follows: EU Law has supremacy over the internal legal provisions of the legislation of Bulgaria (including the Constitutional provisions) which contradict it and it has...

The jurisdictional system of Luxembourg consists of both a judicial and an administrative order. The Constitutional Court can be added to these. Thus the judicial order consists of the Constitutional Court and the instances of the judicial order which are the Superior Court of Justice, the...

The legal system of Cyprus is based on common law and equity, except where the Constitution provides otherwise. It is further based on the laws passed by the UK Parliament before Cyprus became independent (Article 29(1) (c) of the Court Law No. 14/60) and on the legislation which the House of...