Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democracy headed by a constitutional monarch, the Grand Duke. The Constitution dates back to 1868.1 A reform of the Constitution took place in recent years and resulted in a new text that was adopted in December 2022 and entered into force on 1 July...

Article 37 of the Italian Constitution of 1948 states both equality at work between men and women and women's right to working conditions that allow them to fulfil their essential family functions and grant adequate protection to the mother and the child. The ambiguity of this rule rests on the...

The Netherlands is a civil-law country. Its laws are written. The role of case law is small in theory, but in practice it is impossible to understand the law in many fields without taking into account the relevant case law. The primary law-making body is formed by the Dutch Parliament in...