Guardians are one of the most important features of a protection system for children who are deprived of their family environment and cannot have their interests represented by their parents. They are key to safeguard the child's best interests and general well-being, and to complement the...

The rapid development of information technology has exacerbated the need for robust personal data protection, the right to which is safeguarded by both European Union (EU) and Council of Europe (CoE) instruments. Safeguarding this important right entails new and signifi cant challenges as...

Civil society organisations in the European Union (EU) play a crucial role in promoting fundamental rights, and so contribute to the functioning of democracies. They give voice to people on issues that matter to them, assist rights holders, monitor governments' and parliaments' activities,...

This handbook provides an overview of key aspects of non-discrimination law in Europe, with specific reference to the prohibition of discrimination provided in the Council of Europe's European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and...

The European Union has been equipped with its own bill of rights - the Charter of Fundamental Rights - since 2000. It became legally binding in 2009, and has the same legal value as the EU treaties. Those familiar with the main principles of EU law can usually quickly recite that the Charter is...

Technological developments have triggered an increased use of profiling in a wide range of contexts, and using profiling tools to support the work of law enforcement and border management officials has recently received greater attention from EU Member States. Profiling is legitimately used to...

Almost 20 years after adoption of EU laws forbidding discrimination, people of African descent in the EU face widespread and entrenched prejudice and exclusion. Racial discrimination and harassment are commonplace. Experiences with racist violence vary greatly across countries, but reach as high...

Almost 20 years after adoption of EU laws forbidding discrimination, people of African descent in the EU face widespread and entrenched prejudice and exclusion. Racial discrimination and harassment are commonplace. Experiences with racist violence vary greatly across countries, but reach as high...

This report presents the main insights gained during the EU Fundamental Rights Agency's project on local engagement for Roma inclusion, which explores how to best involve Roma in integration efforts at the local level. Bringing together local authorities and residents, especially Roma, it...