Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democracy headed by a constitutional monarch, the Grand Duke. The Constitution dates back to 1868.1 A reform of the Constitution took place in recent years and resulted in a new text that was adopted in December 2022 and entered into force on 1 July...

Article 37 of the Italian Constitution of 1948 states both equality at work between men and women and women's right to working conditions that allow them to fulfil their essential family functions and grant adequate protection to the mother and the child. The ambiguity of this rule rests on the...