Austrian legislation is based on the constitutional principles of the Federal Constitutional Act (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz), additional constitutional legislation, the Federal Financial Constitution Act (Finanzverfassungsesetz) and the provincial constitutional acts for the nine provinces...

Lithuania regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. The current Constitution was approved by referendum in 1992. On 1 May 2004 Lithuania joined the European Union, requiring significant changes to be made to the legal system in little over a decade to meet EU and international...

The Slovak Republic is a country of 5.4 million people. In addition to Slovak nationals, a wide range of minority groups live in the country. The largest groups are Hungarians (8.5 %) and the Roma minority. The official number of Roma in the last census (2011) was 105 738 (2 %), although the...

The national legal system in Liechtenstein is - corresponding to its Constitution - a constitutional hereditary monarchy based on democracy and parliamentary government. Parliament (Landtag) is the representative body of the nation. Its main task is to pass legislation. For a law to enter into...

The Portuguese legal system is mainly a statutory law system, headed by the Portuguese Constitution (PC) and developed by state legislation. Where employment and industrial relations are concerned, the Labour Code (LC) is the essential statutory piece of legislation and it also integrates the...

Croatia is a unitary and indivisible democratic and welfare state (Article 1 of the Constitution). The Croatian legal system is a civil law system, and the government is organised according to the principle of the separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches, but is...

The national legal system of the Republic of North Macedonia, one of the successors of the Yugoslav legal system, is a continental, civil-law system in a unitary semi-parliamentarian republic. According to the Constitution, there are three branches of government in place: the legislature (the...

Due to several factors, which include the low level of legal awareness in Polish society, people's passivity (and sometimes fear) around seeking to uphold their rights and a lack of systematic research, it is impossible to assess the real scale of discrimination in Poland. Research commissioned...

Spain has two law-making levels: the State and the Autonomous Communities. Spain recognises certain legislative autonomy in its Autonomous Communities for the execution of legislation but anti-discrimination legislation is an exclusive task of the State. According to Article 81 of the Spanish...

The Republic of Serbia is a constitutional multi-party parliamentary democracy. The multi-party National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia was established in 1991. The 11th legislature commenced its work on 3 June 2016 and is notable for the fact that the leading party has a majority in the...