The jurisdictional system of Luxembourg consists of both a judicial and an administrative order. The Constitutional Court can be added to these. Thus the judicial order consists of the Constitutional Court and the instances of the judicial order which are the Superior Court of Justice, the...

The legal system of Cyprus is based on common law and equity, except where the Constitution provides otherwise. It is further based on the laws passed by the UK Parliament before Cyprus became independent (Article 29(1) (c) of the Court Law No. 14/60) and on the legislation which the House of...

The ruling FIDESZ-KDNP right-wing permanent party alliance (Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége - Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt: Alliance of Young Democrats - Christian Democratic People's Party) has structurally reorganised the Hungarian state organisation and fundamentally modified the Hungarian...

The Slovak Republic is one of the two (the other is Czech Republic) successor states established after the political change on 1 January 1993, based on Constitutional Act No. 542/1992 Coll. on the Dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Slovakia is a unitary state, divided into...

The legal system of Cyprus is based on common law and equity, except where the Constitution provides otherwise. It is further based on the laws passed by the UK Parliament before Cyprus became independent (Article 29(1)(c) of the Court Law No. 14/60) and on the legislation which the House of...

Estonia is a heterogeneous society. According to the 2011 national census, there were representatives of more than 150 ethnic groups residing in Estonia, including the two biggest groups: Estonians (70 %) and Russians (25 %). According to data from the Population Registry, in early 2016, 15 % of...

Turkey is a unitary state following the system of Roman Law. It has a parliamentary system. Parliament (the Turkish Grand National Assembly) is the legislature. It enacts the laws. The Constitution is the fundamental law. Laws and regulations cannot contradict the Constitution. If there is an...

Latvia is a parliamentary State, where Parliament is the only legislator. This legislator, however, has the right to delegate legislative functions to the Cabinet of Ministers and to municipalities. Delegated legislative powers always have to be made explicit in the laws adopted by Parliament....

Norway is based on a civil law system, where the Constitution is top of the hierarchy and national laws and regulations define the system in more detail. The interpretation of laws is based on both preparatory works as well as interpretations by the courts. The court system is based on three...