Austria is a wealthy modern welfare state with a population of about 8 million people. The majority of the population is white and German speaking. Autochthonous and recognised minorities are the Croats, Slovenes, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks and Roma. Starting in the late 1960s Austria became a...

The make-up of Irish society is quite homogeneous. According to the 2011 census, of a population of 4,588,252, 84% are Roman Catholic, 2.8% Church of Ireland (Protestant), 1% Muslim, 1.8% no religion, remainder unstated or various religions. 85% describe themselves as white Irish, 0.6% as Irish...

Greece is a parliamentary republic. Popular sovereignty is the foundation of government and all powers derive from the people and exist for the people and the nation. The national legislative authority rests jointly with Parliament and the Government. Greece follows a civil law system...

Turkey is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multilingual society. There are no official data on the composition of the population on the basis of ethnicity, denomination and mother tongue, as the Government has refrained from asking such questions in censuses since the 1960s. Pursuant to the...

Modern Poland does not have a long tradition and experience of combating discrimination. The process of implementing EU anti-discrimination laws concerning race, ethnic origin, religion, age, disability and sexual orientation into the legal system was initiated as a result of EU membership and...

Vulnerable groups include the Roma, refugees/ migrants, Muslims, Jews, non-traditional faiths, Macedonians, Turks, people with disabilities, especially mental disabilities, LGBT. The Government rules in coalition with two parties that the European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance termed...

There is a profound lack of recognition that discrimination takes place in Danish society. Also there is a serious lack of statistics and general research about discrimination. There is very limited access to the establishment of positive action measures by employers. Legal barriers make it very...

Society in the Czech Republic, a country with a population of 10 million, has become increasingly homogenous during its post-war history. In 1945, as part of the settlements following the Second World War, legislation was approved to expatriate most Germans (the largest minority in...