The legal standard of protection against discrimination on the ground of disability is considerably higher than the minimum requirements of Directive 2000/78/EC. From 2012, provinces and the Federation set up institutions such as monitoring boards in order to implement the UN Convention on the...

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is characterised by cultural diversity and the common use of several languages. Its population is quite homogeneous, with the vast majority of foreigners being European Union citizens, most of whom are Catholics by religion. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has one of...

A new coalition Government was formed on 7 January 2020, comprising the Socialist Party and the Unidas Podemos (a coalition of leftist political parties). During 2022, Law 15/2022, of 12 July, comprehensively covering equal treatment and non-discrimination, was passed, which completed the...

Irish society is quite homogeneous. According to the 2016 census, of a population of just under 4.8 million, 78.3 % are Roman Catholic, 9.8 % are non-religious (an increase of 73.6 % from 2011), and the remainder are of various other religions. 82.2 % of the population describe themselves as...

The Slovak Republic is a country of 5.4 million people. In addition to Slovak nationals, a wide range of minority groups live in the country. The largest groups are Hungarians (7.75 %) and the Roma minority. The official number of Roma in the last census (2021) was 67 179 (1.23 %), although the...

Lithuania regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. The current Constitution was approved by referendum in 1992. On 1 May 2004 Lithuania joined the European Union, requiring significant changes to be made to the legal system in little over a decade to meet EU and international...