Battery charging systems are very important in many developing countries where rural families cannot afford a solar-battery home system or other electricity options, but they can afford to own a battery (in some cases more than one battery) and can pay for it to be charged on a regular basis....

For the first time in economics use this phrase - "rare earth economy" as a discipline border, which is holding up the subject of the Economy as General Science, to the subject of this new frontier scientific disciplines - economics RARE EARTH - studying production, distribution, circulation and...

In this paper, a new type of reciprocating magnetic refrigerator working with high remanence permanent magnets as the source of the magnetic field is presented. The simulated and measured magnetic field at the machine air gap is about 1.45T. Initially, gadolinium metal (Gd) was used as the...

Dysprosium, one of the various rare earth elements, is currently for more than 99% mined in China. As China is reducing its exports, new mining projects outside of China are needed to sustain supply and meet future demands. Dysprosium is mainly used in permanent magnets to retain the magnet's...

This article sounds the alarm that a significant build-out of efficient lighting and renewable energy technologies may be endangered by shortages of rare earths and rare earth permanent magnets. At the moment, China is the predominant supplier of both and its recent rare earth industrial...

We investigate the effect of a number of design alternatives on the safety and capacity of an Automated Highway System. Our methodology makes use of two computational tools, designed to highlight the fundamental limitations of the vehicle dynamics, sensing and control strategies and...

This paper presents a specification for an automated freeway in a fully formal manner. A series of safety analyses have been carried out on the specification. The objective of the program is to derive a technique of safety analysis for such systems. Readers are advised to consult " Methods for...

In this paper, the authors study the capacity of key Automated Highway Systems (AHS) operating scenarios. The effect of the lane-flow rule, platooning or free-agent, as well as the lane barriers, on AHS capacity are studied. Special attention is paid to the interaction between the lane-flow rule...

This work focuses on vehicle fault detection and identification. It also describes a vehicle health management approach based on analytic redundancy. It describes a point design of fault detection filters and parity equations that are developed for the vehicle longitudinal mode. A preliminary...

In this paper, calculations are made of the volume of messages transmitted between vehicles or between vehicles and the infrastructure, in order to estimate the demand of advanced vehicle control systems (AVCS) for frequency allocations. Two previous conceptual designs for an automated freeway...